Passage Three
　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
　　31. The traditional view of "human nature" was strongly challenged by          .
　　A) the emergence of the evolutionary theory
　　B) the historical approach to man
　　C) new insight into human behavior
　　D) the philosophical analysis of slavery
　　32. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings _          .
　　A) have some traits in common                      B) are born with diverse cultures
　　C) are born without a fixed nature                  D) change their characters as they grow up
　　33. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to          .
　　A) emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of "human nature”
　　B) show that the concept of "human nature" was used to justify social evils
　　C) prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of "human nature"
　　D) support the idea that some human traits are acquired
　　34. The word "untenable" (Line 3) in the last paragraph of the passage most probably means          .
　　A) invaluable  B) imaginable C) changeable D) indefensible                                                                 
　　35. Most philosophers believed that human nature
　　A) is the quality distinguishing man from other animals 
　　B) consists of competitiveness and selfishness
　　C) is something partly innate and partly acquired
　　D) consists of rationality and undesirable behavior

　　Passage Four　　

        Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
　　36. According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine           .
　　A) will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield
　　B) can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield
　　C) will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield
　　D) can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield
　　37. Richard Satava has visions of
　　A) using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas
　　B) wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefield
　　C) wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons
　　D) setting up mobile surgical units overseas
　　38. How is virtual reality surgery performed?
　　A) It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device.
　　B) Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.
　　C) Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them.
　　D) A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation.
　　39. During virtual reality operations the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because          .
　　A) he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen
　　B) the cuts can be examined from different angles
　　C) the cuts have been highly magnified
　　D) he is wearing 3-D glasses
　　40. Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they          .
　　A) cause less pain to the wounded
　　B) allow the patient to recover more quickly
　　C) will make human surgeons' work less tedious
　　D) are done by robot surgeons with greater precision