1.  In the early fifties, only eight or nine out of a hundred young men changed their jobs within the first three years with a company.
　　在五十年代初期，有百分之八九的年轻人在一家公司工作三年后往往会跳槽。

　　2.  Since most jobs take only a year and a half to master, in order to continue learning, they have to make a job change.
　　由于大多数工作只需花一年多就可以掌握，为了继续学习，他们就会调换工作。

　　3.  They have worked for a few years as technical specialists and quickly moved into higher management positions.
　　作为技术专家，他们在工作了几年之后会更快地跳到更高的管理岗位。

　　4.  Sociologists are interested in how a society began and how it grew.
　　社会学家们对于一个社会是怎样形成与怎样发展起来的很感趣。

　　5.  A Frenchman named Auguste Comte made sociology a separate science in the 1830s.
　　1830年，一个叫Auguste Comte的法人使社会学成为一门独立的学科。

　　6.  The method of capital punishment varies from nation to nation.
　　执行死刑的方法因国家而各不相同。

　　7.  The new device was named after the man who spoke out in favor of it.
　　有个人大胆提议用这种新装置，后来这种刑具就以那个人的名字命名。

　　8.  Many people felt that beheading a person in the guillotine was merciful because of the quickness of death.
　　许多人认为使用断头台来处决一个人，这是很仁慈的，因为这样会让人死得更快一些。

　　9.  A little child cannot understand advertisement for what they are and so believes totally in what he or she hears.
　　小孩儿不知广告为何物，因此便完全听信广告上所说的。

　　10. And I am upset myself at how the advertisers can control a child’s outlook on the world.
　　广告商是如何掌管孩子的世界观，对此我非常焦虑。

　　11. I think I should join Jolie in her efforts to change advertising tactics(策略) when it comes to  advertisements for children.
　　涉及到针对儿童的广告，我想我应当与Jolie一起努力去改变广告策略。

　　12. However, policymakers were not yet acting on many important environmental problems.
　　然而，政策制定者们当时并未对许多重要的环境保护问题付诸行动。

　　13. College students were a major force in the campaign, although participants of all ages were involved.
　　尽管参加这次运动的人涉及到各个年龄段的人，但是大学生是这场运动的主导力量。

　　14. thirty years later, the focus has changed but the urgency remains the same.
　　三十年之后，关注的焦点发生了变化，但其紧迫性依然。

　　15. X-rays were first discovered by a German scientist, Wilhelm Conrad roentgen, in 1895, almost by accident.
　　X射线最初是在1895年被一个德国科学家偶然地发现的，他的名字叫Wilhelm Conrad roentgen。

　　16. In fact, the rays could pass as easily through the fleshy part of his hand as through the black paper, but hardly at all through the bone.
　　事实上，就像穿过一张黑纸一样，射线很容易穿过手部的肌肉，但却根本不能穿过骨骼.

　　17. The answer would seem to lie in nuclear power stations.
　　看来问题在于核电站。

　　18. If the world population goes on increasing at its present rate, we may, in fifty years’ time, be burning up so much energy that we would damage the earth’s atmosphere.
　　如果世界人口继续以当前这种速度增长的话，也许，五十年后，这样燃烧如此多的能源将会致使我们破坏地球的大气层。

　　19. Psychologists deal with the minds and behavior of people.
　　心理学家研究人们的心理与行为。

　　20. Several people have been instrumental in the field of psychology.
　　一些人在心理学领域起了很大作用。

　　21. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.
　　只有当我们看东西不清楚时，我们才意识到我们的眼晴是多么地重要。

　　22. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length.
　　这些远视的人们能看清远处的东西，但是他们读书却很困难，除非他们把书举到一臂远的距离处去看。

　　23. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true.
　　同样的理论代代相传，而且总是正确。

　　24. Events that the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history.
　　老一代记忆犹新的重大历史事件对年轻人来说不过是过眼烟云而已。

　　25. What they reject more than anything is conformity.
　　他们所厌恶的莫过于循规蹈矩。

　　26. These are not questions the old generations can shrug off lightly.
　　对于这些问题，老一代人确实不予附合。

　　27. Most customers who go to a supermarket buy from a shopping list.
　　大多数去超市的顾客都要按程序购物。

　　28. The comfort and convenience of shopping centers is another factor which makes them popular with customers.
　　购物中心舒适而且方便，这是超市受人欢迎的另外一个原因。

　　29. Most of the ill health we suffer could be prevented if people made more effort to change their life styles.
　　如果人们努力去改变生活方式，就能远离大多数的疾病。

　　30. Similarly all advertising of alcohol should be banned and compensation paid to families of alcoholics who die of the liver disease.
　　同样所有的酒类广告都应当被禁止，对于那些因喝酒导致生病，最终死亡的人应当赔偿。

　　31. Although mother’s day is a relatively new holiday in America, more and more other countries are also setting aside a day to honor their mothers.
　　在美国，尽管母亲节时间夏天对来讲并不长，但世界上越来越多的国家都开始规定某一天为母亲节，来表达对他们母亲的敬意。

　　32. No longer was she so gentle, so relaxed and easy-going.
　　她再也不像以前那样温柔，随和，好说话了。

　　33. Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time.
　　一些人们认为他应该也能在同一时间把问题处理好。

　　34. Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning.
　　有时候人们说的话言不由衷。

　　35. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.
　　（当你）仔细斟酌别人对你所说的话的时候，可以使你避免再犯错误。

　　36. Contrary to popular belief, colds are not caused by exposure to severe weather.
　　和人们的普遍想法相反，感冒并非恶劣的气候造成。

　　37. The custom can be traced back to the roman era.
　　付小费这种习俗这种风俗可以追溯到古罗马时代。

　　38. A more common belief is tips were first given in the 18th century England.
　　付小费这种习俗源于18世纪的英国。

　　39. In America and Europe it is customary to tip anywhere from 10% to 20%.
　　在美国和欧洲，人们普遍的做法是以消费金额的百分之十到百分之二十来付小费的。

　　40. Today most people decide the size of tip according to the quality of the service.
　　现在，人们付小费的数量取决于享受的服务质量。

　　41. People who usually cannot afford it are the biggest tippers in front of their friends.
　　往往是那些付不起大额小费的人在朋友面前付小费最大方。

　　42. Many analysts suggest that this added pressure disproportionately touches the women, who already carry major responsibility for their own children.
　　许多分析家认为，对于那些已经承担了繁重的养儿育女责任的妇女们来说，这无疑是雪上加霜。

　　43. Perhaps the most important issue that emerges from the social trends just described is the impact of family instability and single parenting on children.
　　也许上述社会倾向所产生的最重要的问题是家庭的不稳定性及单亲家庭对儿童的影响。

　　44. When this happens, the government should decrease the salaries of the workers by raising taxes.
　　当这种情况发生时，政府应该通过增税来减少工人的工资。

　　45. While this might appear to be a positive step, it is actually regressive.
　　尽管这样做表面上看是一种积极的措施，可实际上却是消极的。

　　46. While this law is not without humor by today’s standards, it clearly shows an awareness of the problem in times gone by.
　　尽管这个法律按当今的标准来看是很滑稽的，但它却表明很久以前人们就已经估计到这一点了。

　　47. the motives for suicide can be categorized into areas such as failure, wrath(暴怒), the need for attention, stress, and so on.
　　人们自杀的原因分类很多，例如失败，暴怒，需要关注，压力等。

　　48. To make the problem even more involved, people will often camouflage(掩盖)their true feelings, thus causing their friends to disregard problems that should be viewed as serious.
　　这个问题更为棘手的是，自杀的人往往掩盖自己的真实情感，结果使周围的朋友也没有把需要严肃对待的问题当回事儿。

　　49. Henry’s goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to hug the shore.
　　亨利王子的目标是要使设计和装备的轮船能进行长途的航行，而不需要经常靠岸。

　　50. Coal was one of the first minerals to be mined on a big scale, to provide fuel for heating homes.
　　煤炭是人们最早大规模开采的矿物质之一，其目的是为供暖提供原料。

　　51. During this time the selling price, and so profits, will go up and down depending on world demand.
　　在此期间，煤炭的销售价格及其利润会随着国际市场的需求变化而上下波动。

　　52. Many of us believe that a person’s mind becomes less active as he grows older.
　　我们很多人都认为，一个人智力会因衰老而变得迟钝。

　　53. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to.
　　这意味着他们完成智力活动所需的时间比过去长。

　　54. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing, or poor vision, or inattention, or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a pace.
　　例如，老年人也许听力差，眼神不好，注意力不集中，或者想尽快地学会做某一件事情

　　55. Not only was the shop a center of buying and selling, but also a social meeting place.
　　过去商店不仅仅是一个买卖东西的地方，而且是一个社交场合。

　　56. He will have to give advice and make decisions as problems arise, and he must know how to get his huge staff to work efficiently with their respective responsibilities.
　　他必须为手下员工出主意，问题出现之后要做决断，他还必须清楚如何使自己庞大的员工队伍各司其职，高效工作。

　　57. Numerous studies have now shown that the overwhelming majority of colds are “caught” by hand contact.
　　许多研究表明，绝大多数的感冒是由于手的接触而感染的。