（一）出题形式：主旨大意题命题形式主要有三大类：一类是概括中心思想（main idea）型；一类是确定文章标题或主题（topic / title / headline）型；还有一类是询问文章的写作目的（purpose）。

　　1） What would be the best title for the text？

　　2） What is the topic of the text？

　　3） Which of the following best expresses the main idea？

　　4） The best title / headline for this passage might be ______.

　　5） The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is ______.

　　6） Which of the following statements is best supported by the text？

　　7） Which of the following best summarizes the passage？

　　8） The main idea / The general idea / The main theme of this passage is ______.

　　9） The title that best expresses the main idea of the passage is ______.

　　（二）答案位置：大部分文章都有主题句（topic sentence），主题句表达了文章的中心思想（main idea），找到了主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。因此，“主题句定位法”是解答主旨大意题的一种行之有效的方法。主题句呈现形式通常有以下几种：

　　1）在开头出现；

　　2）在结尾出现；

　　3）在开头和结尾同时出现，首尾呼应；

　　4）有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。

　　（三）实战演练

　　3  Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious, In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

　　The first kind of loneliness is temporary(暂时的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation—for example a family problem, the death of a loves one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.

　　The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic(长期的) loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

　　Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support; our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.

　　Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

　　The topic of the 4th paragraph is that _________.

　　a.  one problem of loneliness is a person’s social contacts

　　b.  we depend on various people for different reasons

　　c.  lonely people don’t have many social problems

　　d.  lonely people don’t have many friends

　　What is the best title for the passage?

　　a. Three Kinds of Loneliness.

　　b. Loneliness and Diseases

　　c.  Loneliness and Social Contacts

　　d.  Chronic Loneliness.

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