12月英语四六级语法冲刺:定语从句
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定语从句在听力、阅读和翻译中经常出现,是需要重点把握的语法点之一。
在把握定语从句的时候大家要注意以下几点:
1. 定语从句的作用主要是用来修饰先行词;
2. 定语从句和主句之间需要有关系词来进行连接;
3. 关系词在从句中代替先行词,并且充当一定的成分。根据关系词在从句中成分的不同,关系词是有所不同的。
重点推荐:
例1:
Great changes have taken place in the factory where we are working.
先行词 关系词 由where引导的从句
在这个例句中,factory是先行词,由where引导的定语从句来修饰;同时由where替代的这个先行词在从句中作状语。如果仍然不能分清结构,可以把句子拆分:
主句: Great changes have taken place in the factory.
从句: We are working in the factory.
关系词如何选择?可以分三步走:
第一步,首先确定先行词;
第二步,然后确定它在定语从句中做什么成分;
第三步,之后可以进行具体分类。
1. 先行词是人:如果在从句中做主语,关系词用who;做宾语,用who 或whom;做定语,用whose
例2:
He is the person who/whom we are looking for.
2. 先行词是物:在从句中做主语或宾语都用which;作定语用of which, 或whose;
例3:
This machine which I have looked after for years is still working perfectly.
注意:
1) 如果先行词在从句中做状语,表示时间、地点和原因,关系词就要使用when,where和why. 如例1的情况就是先行词在从句中充当地点状语,因此用where.
2) 在限定性定语从句中,which, who, whom 都可以被that 取代。所以例2、例3中的关系词也可以省略。
3) 非限制性定语从句通常标志,从句和主语之间用逗号隔开。
例4:
This is a critical problem in the company, which need to be solved immediately.
这个句子就是非限定性定语从句,在这种情况下,关系词通常用which。
真题示例:
The prevention and treatment of AIDS is _______(我们可以合作的领域) .
1. 已有谓语is,空白处一定是从句
2. 汉语意思已经是完整的一句话,因此,一定是定语从句,并确定先行词:领域,the field 或a field,不用想,一般用which引导
3. 先行词要提前,所以仅按顺序译“我们可以合作的”:we can cooperate
确定介词,在……领域,用in,答案为:in the/a field which we can cooperate
实战演练:
1. I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.
A. that B. which C. as D. like
2. The pen ________ he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. with that
3. The engineer ________ my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
4. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
A. as B. when C. until D. before
5. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
6. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.
A. that B. what C. which D. as
7. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ________he could see________was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that
8. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that
9. I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers, _________has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who
10. Can you lend me the dictionary ______ the other day?
A. about that you talked B. what you talked
C. which you talked D. that you talked about
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