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12月英语四六级语法冲刺:定语从句

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  定语从句在听力、阅读和翻译中经常出现,是需要重点把握的语法点之一。

  在把握定语从句的时候大家要注意以下几点:

  1. 定语从句的作用主要是用来修饰先行词;

  2. 定语从句和主句之间需要有关系词来进行连接;

  3. 关系词在从句中代替先行词,并且充当一定的成分。根据关系词在从句中成分的不同,关系词是有所不同的。

  重点推荐:

  2012年12月英语四六级语法辅导:虚拟语气

  2012年12月英语四六级语法辅导:倒装

  2012年12月英语六级简答题选词填空临考对策

  英语四六级语法讲解:动词的时态

  例1

  Great changes have taken place in the factory   where   we are working.

  先行词    关系词    由where引导的从句

  在这个例句中,factory是先行词,由where引导的定语从句来修饰;同时由where替代的这个先行词在从句中作状语。如果仍然不能分清结构,可以把句子拆分:

  主句: Great changes have taken place in the factory.

  从句: We are working in the factory.

  关系词如何选择?可以分三步走:

  第一步,首先确定先行词;

  第二步,然后确定它在定语从句中做什么成分;

  第三步,之后可以进行具体分类。

  1. 先行词是人:如果在从句中做主语,关系词用who;做宾语,用who 或whom;做定语,用whose

  例2

  He is the person who/whom we are looking for.

  2. 先行词是物:在从句中做主语或宾语都用which;作定语用of which, 或whose;

  例3

  This machine which I have looked after for years is still working perfectly.

 

  注意:

  1) 如果先行词在从句中做状语,表示时间、地点和原因,关系词就要使用when,where和why. 如例1的情况就是先行词在从句中充当地点状语,因此用where.

  2) 在限定性定语从句中,which, who, whom 都可以被that 取代。所以例2、例3中的关系词也可以省略。

  3) 非限制性定语从句通常标志,从句和主语之间用逗号隔开。

  例4:

  This is a critical problem in the company, which need to be solved immediately.

  这个句子就是非限定性定语从句,在这种情况下,关系词通常用which。

  真题示例:

  The prevention and treatment of AIDS is _______(我们可以合作的领域) .

  1. 已有谓语is,空白处一定是从句

  2. 汉语意思已经是完整的一句话,因此,一定是定语从句,并确定先行词:领域,the field 或a field,不用想,一般用which引导

  3. 先行词要提前,所以仅按顺序译“我们可以合作的”:we can cooperate

  确定介词,在……领域,用in,答案为:in the/a field which we can cooperate

  实战演练:

  1. I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.
  A. that                  B. which    C. as                        D. like

  2. The pen ________ he is writing is mine.

  A. with which    B. in which    C. on which          D. with that

  3. The engineer ________ my father works is about 50 years old.

  A. to whom      B. on whom    C. with which         D. with whom

  4. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.

  A. as           B. when       C. until                D. before

  5. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.

  A. that          B. while       C. which            D. when

  6. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.

  A. that                          B. what                       C. which               D. as

  7. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ________he could see________was going on inside house.

  A. which; what    B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that

  8. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.

  A. running; that    B. run; who         C. running; who    D. run; that

  9. I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers, _________has a great effect on my life.

  A. that; which     B. when; which        C. which; that     D. when; who

  10. Can you lend me the dictionary ______ the other day?

  A. about that you talked       B. what you talked

  C. which you talked              D. that you talked about

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