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托福考试阅读词汇附中英文注释(三)

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  surging--- To increase suddenly. Used of electric current or voltage猛增=accelerating

  surpass--- To be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed胜过=exceed, outrun

  sustain--- To keep in existence; maintain继续生存;维持=maintain

  sustenance--- Something, especially food, that sustains life or health营养物,尤指食物=fare Food and drink; diet食物和饮料

  Means of livelihood生计=livelihood

  supplement---Something added to complete a thing, make up for a deficiency, or extend or strengthen the whole补充物,用来完成某事、补充不足、扩展或加强=extension

  An addition that increases the area, influence, operation, or contents of something扩大

  supreme---Greatest in importance, degree, significance, character, or achievement最重要的=outstanding

  succinct---Characterized by clear, precise expression in few words; concise and terse简明的=concise

  sufficient---Being as much as is needed充足的=adequate

  sumptuous---Of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish豪华的;花费奢侈的=luxurious

  substantial--Considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent有重大价值的=considerable Worthy of consideration; significant重要的

  substitute---One that takes the place of another; a replacement代用品=replacement, in place of代替

  subsidize---To assist or support with a subsidy以津贴补助=finance To supply funds to给…提供资金

  subtle--So slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive纤细的,细小的=slight

  submit---提出,提交=present提出;呈递

  subsidy---Monetary assistance granted by a government to a person orsgroupsin support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest补助金=financing融通资金

  subject to ---在...条件下;易受...的侵袭;受控制=expose to, susceptible to

  stretch---A continuous or unbroken length, area, or expanse连续不断的长度,地区或空间=span The extent or measure of space between two points or extremities, as of a bridge or roof; the breadth跨度两点或两端间的空间

  strike---To engage in a strike against an employer罢工=walkout

  To come to; attain来到;到达= make contact with

  striking--- Arresting the attention and producing a vivid impression on the sight or the mind.惹人注目的=prominent Immediately noticeable; conspicuous显眼的

  stringent--- Imposing rigorous standards of performance; severe严格的=strict

  stimulus--- Something that incites or rouses to action; an incentive激发物=motivate

  strain ---To pull, draw, or stretch tight拉紧=tension The act or process of stretching something tight拉紧

  stationary--- Not capable of being moved; fixed不能被移动的;固定的=fixed, immobile

  status---Position relative to that of others; standing地位=standing

  sticky---shavingsthe property of adhering or sticking to a surface; adhesive粘的=adhere, cement

  staple--- A basic or principal element or feature主要成分,基本成分=basic element

  squirt--- To issue forth in a thin forceful stream or jet; spurt喷=spurt out v.喷出

  staggering-- Causing great astonishment, amazement, or dismay; overwhelming令人大为吃惊、惊讶或沮丧的;使束手无策的=overwhelming

  spur--- To incite or stimulate刺激,鞭策=stimulate

  speculate about--- To assume to be true without conclusive evidence推测=hypothesize To assert as a hypothesis假设

  spinal---Of, relating to, or situated near the spine or spinal cord; vertebral脊柱的=backbone

  spark--- To set in motion; activate发动;触发=bring about引起;致使;造成;达成

  spawn--- To give rise to; engender造成;使产生=create

  solemn--- Deeply earnest, serious, and sober庄严的,极认真的,严肃的=serious

  slope---declivity A downward slope, as of a hill斜坡

  smother--- To suffocate (another)使窒息=eliminate To get rid of; remove消灭;消除

  snap--- To pull apart or break with a snapping sound折断=break

  signify--- To denote; mean表示…的意思=denote

  simultaneously---同时存在[发生]地=concurrently同时发生的,并存的;合作的

  skepticism-- A doubting or questioning attitude or state of mind; dubiety怀疑态度=doubt

  shield--- To protect or defend with or as if with a shield; guard保护、防卫=protect

  secrete-- To conceal in a hiding place; cache躲藏=produce??

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