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3) 表格和图表题型写作试题实例
① 写作题目
Directions:
A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in about 200 words.
B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.
C. Your essay should cover these three points:
1. effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife
2. possible reason for the effect
3. your suggestion for the wildlife protection
② 参考范文
As is shown by the two graphs, during the period of time from 1800 to 1900, with the explosive growth of the U.S. population, the number of species no longer existing shot up, amounting to 70 in 1990. It is apparent that the population explosion resulted in the sharp decline in the wildlife of the country. What brought about this phenomenon?
There are, I do think, two possible reasons for the fact. To begin with, the ever-increasing population needs more land to grow crops and more space to live in. Consequently, there is less and less niche in the U.S. for wildlife. Moreover, a number of newly built factories keep discharging harmful gases and liquids, which seriously pollute the environment. This has disturbed the ecological balance, contributing to the extinction of some wildlife.
In my view, three strong measures should be taken to solve the problem. In the first place, the birth rate in the U.S. must be put under control because the rapidly growing population leads to serious environmental crisis. Secondly, the U.S. government is supposed to create as many nature reserves as possible where all the native species of wild animals can be kept from being hunted and all the native species of plants can grow vigorously. Last and not least, it is urgent for the authorities to set up a foundation to reward those who do much to protect wildlife. (233 words)
4. 情景题型写作
1) 情景题型写作要点
情景题型写作没有具体题目，仅仅规定一定的情景，这是一种指导性较强的写作题型，考生千万不要脱离情景，而应严格依照题目所规定的情景构思短文。特别注意以下几点：
① 情景式写作要求考生在题目规定的情景内展开构思，组织内容。
② 仔细审题。考生应明确题目所提供的情景，是论证还是说明，是叙事还是写景。
③ 确定段落与主题句。各段的主题句使文章有条有理，同时也使考生对自己所要表达的内容有更具体的把握。
④ 平稳地展开段落。主题句一经确定，考生便可以围绕主题句，展开段落，完成全文的写作。段落的展开应该建立在段落情景基础之上，每段的重点都应集中于描述情景规定内容。
⑤ 考生的每一词每一句应紧扣情景，突出重点，前后连贯，表达清楚，符合逻辑。
⑥ 明确题型种类。情景写作可根据内容写成不同文体，如记叙文、论说文、书信报告等，故考生应该注意灵活运用相应文体的写作方法与技巧。
⑦ 认真检查与修改。考生应重点检查是否完全准确地包含了情景所要求的各方面内容，是否有与情景相悖或不相关的内容。
2) 情景题型写作实例
① 考试题目：
Some people hold onto the idea that money and property offer more opportunities for success in our society; others think that education provide more opportunities for success in our society. Present your perspective on the issue, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views.
② 参考范文：
Which factor offers more opportunities for success in our society: education or money and property? In my view, education has replaced money and property as the main provider of such opportunities today. I base my view on two reasons. First, education—particularly higher education—used to be amiable only to the wealthy but now is accessible to almost anyone. Second, because of the civil-rights movement and resulting laws, businesses are now required to hire on the basis of merit rather than the kinds of personal relations traditionally common among the wealthy.
Education always plays a key role in determining one’s opportunities for success. But in the past, good post-secondary education was available mainly to the privileged classes. Because money and property largely determined one’s access to higher education, money and property really were the critical factors in opening doors to success. However, higher education is more egalitarian today. Given our vast numbers of state universities and financial-aid programs, virtually anyone who meets entrance requirements for college can obtain an excellent college education and open up windows of opportunity in life.
Another reason those opportunities will be open to educated young people from middle-class and poorer backgrounds is that hiring is more merit-oriented today than ever before. In principle, at least, our country has always been a society where all people are equal: yet in the past, children of the wealthy and well-connected could expect to obtain higher-status jobs and to receive better pay. But the laws and programs resulting from our civil-rights struggles have produced a modern business climate in which jobs are available on an equal-opportunity basis, and in which candidates have a legal right to be judged on the merit of their educational background and experience.
In conclusion, education is probably the main factor in opening doors to success for young people in our society. The fact that education has supplanted money and property in this role is attributable to a more egalitarian system of higher education, as well as to more merit-based hiring practices that generally value individual education over family fortune or relation. (347 words)
5. 摘要题型写作
摘要题型写作是难度非常大的一种写作形式。随着考生英语水平的不断提高，这种题型引起考生的普遍重视。
1) 摘要题型写作要点：
① 动笔之前，考生一定要认真仔细地阅读所给原文，弄懂原文大意，掌握原文要点。
② 摘要的长度一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一，考试时应遵守规定的字数限制。
③ 在做摘要时考生切忌照搬原文。
④ 摘要应与原文的观点保持一致，并且仍按原文的逻辑顺序排列。
⑤ 重点反映主要观点，删除细节。
⑥ 简化从句，用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。
⑦ 检查与修改时，考生应重点检查是否遗漏了原文的要点或包含了细节。
2) 摘要题型写作实例
① 试题题目
Directions:
Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 80 words.
We continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled and evasive attitudes about death, despite the great distance we have come in understanding some of the profound aspects of biology. We have as much distaste for talking about personal death as for thinking about it; it is an indelicacy, like talking in mixed company about venereal disease or abortion in the old days. Death on a grand scale does not bother us in the same special way: we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war, involving 60 billion volatilized human deaths, as though we were talking about bad weather; we can watch abrupt bloody death every day, in color, on films and television, without blinking back a tear. It is when the numbers of dead are very small, and very close, that we begin to think in scurrying circles. At the very center of the problem is the naked cold deadness of one’s own self, the only reality in nature of which we can have absolute certainty, and it is unmentionable, unthinkable. We may be even less willing to face the issue at first hand than our predecessors because of a secret new hope that maybe it will go away. We like to think, hiding the thought, that with all the marvelous ways in which we seem now to lead nature around by the nose, perhaps we can avoid the central problem if we just become, next year, say, a bit smarter. (246 words)
② 原文要点：
1. continue to have the most confused ideas of death like predecessors
2. avoid talking about death
3. talk about death when millions of people die
4. become confused and anxious when each time the dead people are very few and the death rates are almost equal
5. people’s fearfulness
6. seem to control nature
7. avoid death
③ 参考摘要：
People dislike talking about death because they just like their predecessors still have the vaguest ideas of the issue. They talk about death only when million upon millions of people are killed in war. When they find only very few people die each time and the death rates are almost equal, they become very anxious, thinking that next time they themselves will meet their doom. Therefore, they fear very much. However, they have a hope that when they control nature, they can avoid death.(84 words)
6. 书信题型写作
书信题型写作是常见的功能性写作形式，考生应该对书信写作的具体细节有整体的把握。
1) 书信写作要点：
① 日期
写信人应将写信日期（年、月、日）放在书信正文的右上角，如Jan. 20th , 2004。
② 称呼
称呼是写信人对收信人的称谓，称呼可以根据收信人的性别、职务、婚姻状况、姓名等个人信息来写，如：Mr. Williams, Mrs. Bush, Professor Li, Dr. Smith, Dear Mum and Dad。如果写信人不清楚收信人的具体姓名、职务等情况，可以写：Dear Sir or Madam、 To whom it may concern。
③ 正文
正文是书信的主要部分，在称呼下方隔一或两行处开始。考生写正文时，要分层次进行。书信正文通常由引言、展开段和结尾三个层次组成。
·引言 引言表明写信人的写信目的和写信背景，一般仅限于一段，一两句话即可。
·展开段 展开段内容应详实、具体。可以分为若干段来写，每一段围绕一个主题进行展开。
·结尾 结尾部分通常比引言部分短，使用一两句话表达一下希望或祝愿。
④ 结束语
结束语是写信人对收信人的谦称，写在正文下面二至三行处。公务等较正式的信件多采用Yours sincerely, Sincerely yours, Yours faithfully, Yours truly等；私人信件，多采用Yours, With love, Yours affectionately 等。
⑤ 签名
签名应写在结束语的下面。
2) 书信题型写作实例
① 试题题目：
Directions:
A. Write a job application letter of about 200 words
B. Your letter should cover these three points:
1. apply for the position of production coordinator
2. describe your education background
3. state your relevant working experience
② 参考范文：
Dear Sir,
I am responding to your ad in the June 20th, 2003, issue of the Sunday Talent Journal for the position of production coordinator. I feel that my background in electronics and manufacturing will fit in well at your printed circuit board manufacturing facility.
I will graduate from the Beijing Science & Technology University in June with a Bachelor of Science degree in Manufacturing Engineering. I have had extensive training on computers while at school. In my Production and Inventory class, I learned about computerized production and material scheduling in a job shop environment. While working for the Ministry of Energy and Transportation, I wrote a program to control the flow of equipment being checked out from the electronics lab.
As shown in my resume, I have also repaired and installed fire alarm, security, and patient-signal systems when I worked at Johnson Controls. Most of the time I faced construction deadlines so I know what it is like to work under pressure. My duties as the supervisor for the electronics lab involved assigning jobs, coordinating schedules, training new employees, and working with the department chairman when needed.
I am looking forward to hearing from you. Would you please call me to set up an interview? I can be reached at my resume address or by phoning (010) 2357-7980 after 4 p.m.
Sincerely,
Li Ming | 
