（雅思课外精读）英国警方疫情期间的“湄公河行动”

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Policing and the pandemic疫情期间的警务How Britains cops spent lockdown英国警察如何挺过疫情A decline in crime gives police forces the chance to catch up on their to-do lists犯罪率下降，警察终于能处理日积月累的案件了

1. WHEN THE nation shut down in March, something both remarkable and utterly obvious happened to everyday crime: it plummeted. Graham Farrell, a criminologist at the University of Leeds who looked at data from the Lancashire Constabulary, found that within a week of lockdown recorded crime in Lancashire declined by 41%. Shoplifting was especially hard hit, falling by 62%. It is a difficult crime to commit when most shops are closed.

今年3月，英国实行封锁，意料之中但同样引人注目的事发生了：犯罪率下降了。利兹大学的犯罪学家格雷厄姆法雷尔(Graham Farrell)研究了兰开夏警察署的数据后发现，在一周内，兰开夏报告的犯罪下降了41%。入店行窃降幅最大，位62%。疫情期间，大多数商店都关门了，想要入室行窃不大可能。

2. But not all crime fell. After lockdown started, even as overall crime declined in London just as it did elsewhere, drug offences recorded by the Metropolitan Police shot up (see chart). Drug offences data are a good indicator of disruption in organised crime since that is the mainstay of such groups, says Rick Muir of the Police Foundation, a think tank.

但并不是所有犯罪都在减少。在封锁开始后，尽管伦敦的总体犯罪率和其他地方一样下降了，但伦敦警察署记录的毒品犯罪却激增(见图表)。智囊团警察基金会的里克缪尔说，毒品犯罪数据是有组织犯罪瓦解的一个很好的指标，因为这是这些组织的支柱。

3. One reason for the rise is that the drugs trade became easier to disrupt. While other businesses shut down, it kept going. Organised criminals are innovative people. They responded well, from their perspective, so actually there werent long term shortages or price rises within the UK, says Steve Rodhouse, a director general at the National Crime Agency (NCA). But the business demands face-to-face contact, and drug dealers who were out on the streets when everybody else was inside were abnormally conspicuous.

毒品犯罪记录增加的原因之一是毒品交易更容易被破坏。当其他的企业都在停工的时候，毒品行业还在继续。国家犯罪局（NCA）局长史蒂夫罗德豪斯说，有组织的犯罪团伙都是很有创新精神的人。从他们自己的角度来看，他们反应很好，因此，在英国国内毒品并没有出现短缺或者价格上涨的现象。但是，毒品生意需要面对面交易，而当所有人都封锁在家的时候，毒品贩子却在街上游荡，这很容易引起人们的注意。

4. At the same time, while demands on the police declined, the supply of officers rose as leave was cancelled and new recruits promised by Boris Johnson last year arrived. Police forces used the time to tackle their to-do lists. Among the things they did was progressing complex investigations, for example county lines, a national network of drug-runners, says Julia Mulligan, North Yorkshires police and crime commissioner. North Yorkshire police worked with their counterparts in areas that supply drugs, including Merseyside, West Yorkshire and Greater Manchester. And as Peter Neyroud, a criminologist at Cambridge University and a former chief constable puts it, Its a great time to serve warrants, because everyone has to be at home.

与此同时，紧管对警察的需求有所下降，但是由于休假取消加上去年鲍里斯承诺招募的新成员到岗，警察的供应有所增加。警察利用这段时间来处理他们的待办事项清单。北约克郡的警察和犯罪事务专员茱莉亚穆里根说，他们所做的事情包括推进复杂的调查，例如调查一个全国性的毒品走私者网络县界。。北约克郡警方与毒品产地，包括默西塞德郡、西约克郡和大曼彻斯特的警方合作。正如剑桥大学的犯罪学家、前警察局长彼得内劳德(Peter Neyroud)所说，现在是执行逮捕令的大好时机，因为每个人都必须呆在家里。

5. In London, the Metropolitan Police drew up a list of roughly 1,000 prolific offenders engaged in drug-related and violent crimes. Officers visited 733 to encourage them to diversify away from crime, says Commander Bas Javid of the Met. In the event, they spoke to 304, of whom 43 have expressed an interest in taking part in the scheme.

警察局的Bas Javid指挥官说，在伦敦，伦敦警察厅列出了一份约1000名几进宫罪犯名单，这些人都参与了与毒品有关的暴力犯罪。警察造访了733人，告诫他们远离犯罪。在活动中，他们采访了304人，其中43人表示有兴趣参与这一计划。

6. Another tactic used by the Met was to identify what it calls micro beats of 250 locations in London with high levels of violent crime and drug activity. In one special operation in a week in May the Met arrested 222 people. Long-running investigations also came to a head. On July 2nd the NCA announced that it had arrested 746 people and seized 54m in cash, two tonnes of drugs and 77 firearms as the result of investigations done over four years with various forces and other agencies.

伦敦警察局使用的另一种策略是找出伦敦250个暴力犯罪和毒品活动高发地区的微节拍。在五月的一次特别行动中，伦敦警方逮捕了222人。长期的调查也达到了高潮。7月2日，NCA宣布，经过4年多不同部队和其他机构的调查，他们已经逮捕了746人，缴获了5400万英镑现金，两吨毒品和77支枪支。

7. As restrictions are loosened, the trends are reversing. Recorded offences rose in the past few weeks and drugs offences have fallen. That suggests that police once again have their hands full with everyday crime. But it may also mean that their efforts at disrupting the networks responsible for these crimes have had an effect.

随着社交限制放宽，这种趋势正在逆转。过去几周，记录在案的犯罪案件有所上升，而毒品犯罪案件有所下降。这表明警察又一次忙于处理日常犯罪。但这也可能意味着，他们在破坏犯罪网络方面所做的努力已经产生了效果。

精读解析

篇章结构P1P2：疫情期间，英国其他犯罪活动有所下降，而毒品犯罪上升。P3P4：毒品犯罪增加的原因：毒品交易更容易被破坏；警察人数增多，调查力度加大。P5P6：伦敦的毒品调查。P7：如今局势有所逆转，但总的来说疫情期间的毒品打击已取得一些效果。

重点单词plummet /plʌmɪt/ n. 铅锤，坠子vi. 垂直落下【例句】A plane plummeted to earth.一架飞机一头栽向地面。

criminologist /ˌkriminɔlədʒist/ n. 犯罪学者,刑事学家【例句】Stripping was a multi-million dollar business, says Helgi Gunlaugsson, a criminologist at the University of Iceland.冰岛大学的犯罪学家赫格尼贡雷格松说，脱衣舞行业是一项数百万美元的业务。

Shoplifting /ˈʃɔpˌlɪftɪŋ/ n. 商店行窃【例句】Five months ago she was acquitted on a shoplifting charge.五个月前她被宣判未犯入店行窃罪。

overall /əʊvərɔːl/ adj. 总体的; 全面的; 综合的；全面考虑的adv. 大体上, 总的来说；一切包括在内, 全部的n. 长罩衣；工装裤; 工作裤【例句】This is conditional on the overall plan.这决定于总的计划。He changed his overalls for a suit.他脱下工装裤, 换上了一套西服。

shot up射出；发芽；暴涨；迅速成长【例句】Its share price shot up by 5%.而其股价却上涨5%。

disruption /dɪsrʌpʃən/ n. 中断,分裂,瓦解,破坏【例句】The state was in disruption.国家处于分崩离析之中。

mainstay /meɪnsteɪ/ n. 主要支持者〔物〕, 支柱;骨干【短语】mainstay industry 支柱产业mainstay of the national economy 国民经济的支柱【例句】Agriculture is still the mainstay of the countrys economy.农业仍然是这个国家经济的主要支柱。

innovative /ˈinəuveitiv/ adj. 新发明的, 新引进的; 革新的; 有改革精神的；乐于引进新观念的【例句】Many consider Berliozs compositions to be innovative but eccentric.许多人认为柏辽兹的作品富有创新力，但与习俗格格不入。

conspicuous /kənspɪkjʊəs/ adj. 显眼的, 明显的【短语】conspicuous consumption 炫耀性消费；摆阔，挥霍conspicuous place 显眼地方conspicuous position 显眼位置【例句】Her outlandish attire made her conspicuous in the crowd.她异国风格的服饰使她在人群中很打眼。Its coloring makes it highly conspicuous.它的色彩使它非常惹人注目。

counterpart /kaʊntəpɑːt/ n. 与对方地位相当的人, 与另一方作用相当的物【例句】It has no counterpart in the world.举世无双。Her counterpart left in vain and vapidity.对方索然无味，徙劳而去。

constable /ˈkʌnstəbl/ n. 英警察【例句】police constable 警员，警察The constable kept his temper and would not be provoked.警察压着火，不肯发作。

warrant /wɒr(ə)nt/ n. 授权证; 许可证vt. 使显得合理; 成为的根据；保证, 担保【例句】I have a warrant for your arrest.我持有逮捕证逮捕你。

prolific /prəlɪfɪk/adj. 多产的；丰富的【例句】Dickens was a prolific writer.狄更斯是位多产作家。draw up 草拟，起草；停住；使靠近【短语】draw up a contract 拟定合同draw up a plan 起草计划；制定计划draw oneself up v. 挺直身体；控制自己【例句】The agenda has not been drawn up.议程尚未拟定。

engage in从事，参加【拓展】engage in politics 从事政治活动engage in a lawsuit 打官司；进行诉讼engage oneself in 从事于；忙于；正做着【例句】They are engaged in import and export.他们做进出口贸易。

diversify /daɪvɜːsɪfaɪ/vt.vi. 使多样化; 多样化；进入新的商业领域【同根】diversifier n. 分散经营者diversification n. 多样化；变化diversifying （使）多样化; （使）变化; 增加...的品种; 扩大业务经营（diversify的现在分词）;diversified adj. 多样化的；各种的; v. 使多样化（diversify的过去分词）;【短语】product diversification 产品多样化; 产品多元化;diversified products 多元化产品diversified farming 多种经营；综合农业diversified business 多种经营；多样化经营business diversification 多元化经营；经营多角化【例句】A factory must try to diversify for further development.一个工厂要获得进一步发展就要努力使产品多样化。

restriction /rɪstrɪkʃ(ə)n/ n. 约束, 限制;管制, 限定;法律, 规章【例句】The new parking restrictions have angered shopkeepers.新的停车限令激怒了店主们。The removal of petty restrictions has made life easier.对一些琐碎规定的取消使生活更自在了。

loosen /luːs(ə)n/vt.vi. 解开; 放松；松弛【短语】loosen up 放松肌肉；松弛；[口]信口开河；[口]慷慨解囊【例句】He loosened his collar of his overcoat.他解开了大衣领口。The new policies loosened up foreign trade.新政策使对外贸易有了更大的灵活性。

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