（雅思课外精读）英国校服与政治别人家的校服都经历了什么

留学，语言成绩是必要材料之一，并且在申请院校的进程中，语言成绩的高低直接影响着你最终能申请什么到水平的院校，下面外语频道小编为大家具体分享下“【雅思课外精读】英国校服与政治：别人家的校服都经历了什么？”内容。

Schoolwear and politics

校服和政治

Bringing down the cost of school uniforms

降低校服成本

Schools love a posh uniform; parents and politicians less so

学校偏爱时尚的校服，而父母和政客却不是如此

1. FOR THE many British families who have been struggling to look after children while clinging on to their professional lives, the prospect of schools reopening next week is a heartening one. But there is one aspect of the rentre to which no parents look forward: the school-uniform bill. The Childrens Society, a charity, reckons that the cost of a state-educated pupils secondary-school uniform is now 337 ($445), up from 316 in 2015.

在疫情封锁期间，许多英国家庭既要上班又要照顾孩子，下周就要开学的消息对他们来说是很振奋的。但是，这其中还是有一点不那么让他们期待，那就是校服账单。慈善机构儿童协会估计，公立学校学生的校服费用从2015年的316英镑上升到现在的337英镑(合445美元)。

2. Michael Gove, a former education secretary, is partly responsible. He wanted state schools to adopt blazers and ties, which demand further accessories in ugly colours and stripes. These Hogwartian habits were initially adopted in the 19th century to foster team spirit among future empire-builders; modern proponents argue that making poor and rich children wear the same clothes oils the wheels of social mobility.

前教育部长迈克尔戈夫对此负有部分责任。他要求公立学校采用西装和领带，而这需要更多颜色丑陋，条纹难看的配饰。这种霍格沃兹传统是在19世纪初形成的，目的是培养新一代帝国建设者的团队精神，而现在支持这一传统的人则认为，让穷孩子和富孩子穿一样的衣服有利于促进社会流动性。

3. The transformation of state schools into independent academies has encouraged schools to develop their own identities. Despite government guidance advising them to opt for clothing available in supermarkets, schools have been branding everything from shirts to scarfs. Such items have to be bought in specific shops, and the absence of competition allows retailers to bump up prices.

而公立学校向独立学院的转变也促进学校发展自己的特色。尽管政府要求学校选择那些在超市就能买到的衣服，学校还是把所有东西从衬衫到围巾都打上了自己的标签。所有这些东西都只能在特定的商店购买，而缺乏竞争使得零售商提高了商品价格。

4. The Childrens Society says two-thirds of secondary-school parents now have to buy two or more items from a specific supplier. Most schools only have one shop you can buy the school uniform from, says Andrea Grant. Youve got no choice. She has set up Old School Uniform, a website where parents sell or give away uniforms. Other parents have gathered in Facebook groups that offer second-hand kit.

儿童协会称，现在有三分之二的中学家长只能从一个特定供应商那里购买两件或两件以上的商品。大多数学校只指定了一家可以购买校服的商店，家长别无选择。安德里亚格兰特说。格兰特建立了一个叫做Old School Uniform的网站，家长可以在这个网站上出售或赠送校服，还有一些家长加入了Facebook上的二手商品群组。

5. Protests against the rising cost of uniforms have driven Mike Amesbury, a Labour MP, to introduce a bill to stop schools relying on a single uniform supplier and cut down on the amount of items the school brands with its logo. Retailers and supermarkets could sell standard blazers, onto which school logos could be sewn. The bill has government support, and it is on its way to becoming law.

校服价格上涨引发抗议，工党议员迈克埃姆斯伯里就此提出了一项法案，旨在阻止学校依托单一校服供应商，减少学校打上带有学校标识的产品数量,零售商和超市可以销售普带有学校标识的普通西装。该法案得到了政府的支持，即将正式写入法律。

6. The government does not normally support Labour MPs bills, but the Conservative Party is worried that schools are putting extra pressure on the just about managing, a polite name for the working class coined during the premiership of Theresa May, Boris Johnsons predecessor. Keeping that vote is central to its plans for retaining power in 2024. Monopolies are simply notcompatible with an agenda that focuses on supporting children from less well-off backgrounds in the seats won by the Conservatives in 2019, says Tom Richmond, a former adviser to Mr Gove who runs EDSK, a think-tank that focuses on education.

政府通常不支持工党议员的提案，但保守党担心，学校正对Jam群体施加额外压力。just about manage是鲍里斯约翰逊的前任特蕾莎梅担任首相期间对工人阶级的委婉称呼。保有工人阶级的选票是保守党2024年继续掌权的核心。戈夫的前顾问、专注于教育的智库EDSK负责人汤姆里奇蒙德表示，校服垄断和2019年保守党以其重点支持来自不富裕家庭儿童而赢得席位的议程根本上就是矛盾的。

7. Uniform suppliers are not happy. Matthew Easter, co-chair of the Schoolwear Association, a trade body, believes that the widely cited Childrens Society figures are misleading. The associations survey of retailers estimates a uniforms annual cost to be just 101. He argues that if a single retailer has to supply a schools uniforms, then it will make sure that all items areavailable all year round. If no retailer has that responsibility, supplies may become uncertain and children may end up wearing mismatched items.

制服供应商对此很不满意。行业组织校服协会联合主席马修伊斯特认为，儿童协会那被人们广泛引用的数据具有误导性。校服协会对零售商的调查估计，一件校服每年的花费仅为101英镑。他认为，让一家零售商供应校服能够保证所有配饰全年供应充足，如果没有零售商承担这一义务，那么校服供应可能会不稳定，这可能会导致孩子们只能穿上不搭配的衣服。

8. Whether that would matter much is open to question. The Education Endowment Foundation looked at the costs and benefits of 35 measures which might, or might not, enhance childrens performance. Uniforms were among the least effective. But parents like them. Mrs Grant dressed her daughter in uniform even though the school does not have one. When theyre wearing the school uniform, parents dont have to think about oh, I havent got any branded items or fashionable accessories, theyre just wearing their school uniform, she says.

这是否重要还有待商榷。教育捐赠基金会研究了35项可能会影响孩子学校表现的措施，发现校服对孩子的表现影响是最小的。但是家长很喜欢校服。尽管学校没有要求，格兰特夫人还是让她女儿穿校服。她说:当孩子们穿着校服时，家长们不必想哦，我没有给孩子穿什么品牌或是时尚衣服，他不是穿着校服呢吗。

9. For some schools, no opportunity to extend the range of uniform items goes unmissed. Holmes Chapel Comprehensive School in Cheshire has made covid-19 face-maskscompulsory. Their navy blue masks must be bought from their uniform supplier, Sam DaleSon, at 3 a pop.

一些学校抓住任何能够扩大学校校服涉及范围的机会。柴郡的霍尔姆斯教堂综合学校规定学生必须戴新冠防疫口罩。而这些海军蓝口罩必须从学校校服供应商Sam DaleSon那里购买，每个口罩售价3英镑。

精读解析

篇章结构

P1：英国就要开学，而过高的校服费用引起担忧。

P2P3：校服费用过高的起源：统一校服传统；独立学院的校服垄断。

P4P6：校服费用高引起的反应：家长购买或者分享二手校服；议员提出立法打击校服垄断。

P7：校服供应商应对打击的抗辩：统一校服供应有利于保证供应。

P8P9：研究表明，校服对孩子的学校表现影响并不那么大，但是家长喜欢给孩子穿校服，而一些学校抓紧一切机会垄断校服及其配饰。

重点单词

bring down降低；击落；打倒，打死

【例句】

They brought down two enemy planes at one blow.

他们一举击落两架敌机。

posh/pɒʃ/ adj. 漂亮的；奢侈的；时髦地

【例句】

They poshed themselves up for the party.

他们打扮起来, 准备参加晚会。

cling on to 坚持某事；

【例句】

I dont think that we need to cling on to sanctions are necessary because I want our people to be responsible for their own destiny and not to depend too much on external props.

我认为我们没有必要一直实施制裁，因为我希望缅甸人民对自己的命运负责，而不要过多依赖外援.

heartening /hɑːtənɪŋ/ adj. 令人振奋的,鼓舞人的

【例句】

Heartening reports of victories are pouring in.

令人鼓舞的胜利消息不断传来。

rentre n. 回来；收进，收入，收回，征收；入仓；(假后)开学；恢复

【例句】

THE start of the school year in France also brings la rentre littraire, when publishers load a new crop on to the bookshelves in time for the seasons literary prizes.

随着新学年的开始，法国的文学新季活动也拉开序幕，出版社纷纷赶在这一季文学奖颁布之前出版新书。

oils the wheels使顺利进行;使正常运作

【例句】

By providing a stable environment for the marketing of intellectual property products, it also oils the wheels of international trade.

这种国际保护还通过为知识产权产品经销提供稳定的环境而润滑着国际贸易的滚滚车轮。

blazer/bleɪzə/ n. 宽松运动外衣；西装

【例句】

He wore a blazer and a shirt open at the collar.

当时他穿的是一件运动夹克和领口敞开的衬衫。

accessory/əkses(ə)rɪ/ n. 附件, 配件；同谋, 帮凶, 包庇犯

【例句】

He is an accessory to the murderer.

他是这个杀人凶手的同谋。

proponent/prəpəʊnənt/ n. (某事业、理论等的)支持者,拥护者

【例句】

Proponents dont deny the Green New Deal is strong medicine.

支持者并不否认绿色新政是一剂良药。

social mobility社会流动；社会流动性

【例句】

University was once seen as a source of social mobility in South Korea.

大学曾被视为韩国社会流动的源泉。

transformation/trnsfəmeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 变化, 弯形, 变质, 转变

【例句】

A startling cultural transformation occurred in post-war Britain.

战后英国的文化出现了令人惊讶的变化。

retailer /ri:teilə/ n. 传播的人；零售商

【例句】

The retailer accepted the shipment on consignment.

零售商接受了运来的寄售物品

bump up 突然增加；提升

【例句】

Personal claims for unemployment benefits take a slight bump up last week.

上周，个人申请失业救济金人数小幅增加。

second-hand/sɛkəndhnd/ adj. 旧的; 用过的; 二手的；(消息、信息等)间接得来的; 二手的【例句】I bought the camera second-hand.我买的这架照相机是二手货。

cut down on 削减，减少【例句】You should cut down on fats and carbohydrates. 你应该减少摄入脂肪和碳水化合物。

monopoly /mənɒp(ə)lɪ/ n. 垄断；垄断者；专卖权

【例句】

During each war the monopoly capitalists amassed fabulous wealth.

每次战争垄断资本家们都大发横财。

premiership /prɪmɪəʃɪp/ n. 总理,首相的职位与任期

【例句】

Now at this stage in her premiership, although the voice was very low, being sorts of train to be low.

在她任首相的这个时期，尽管她的声音非常的低沉，但却像是被训练出来的。

compatible with adj. 与和谐相处；与相配的

be compatible with 一致；适合；与相配

【例句】

Mr. Ollivander had been very surprised that Harry had been so compatible with this wand.

当时奥利凡德先生看到哈利摆弄这根魔杖时得心应手的样子，感到非常吃惊。

available/əveɪləb(ə)l/ adj. 可用的或可得到的；可会见的, 可与之交谈的

【例句】

It is both cheap and abundantly available.

它不仅便宜而且产量丰富。

all year round一年到头；全年

【拓展】

peace all year round 岁岁平安

all the year round 一年到头

【例句】

They need relatively warm temperatures all year round.

他们整年都需要相对温暖的气温。

mismatch /mɪsmtʃ/ vt. 使配错,使配合不当n. 错配,失谐

【例句】

The dwarf was blinking at them, blank-faced, with puzzlement in his mismatched eyes.

侏儒眨着眼睛，一脸茫然，两只大小不一的眼睛里闪着迷惑。

compulsory/kəmpʌls(ə)rɪ/ adj. 必须做的, 强制性的

【例句】

Which subjects are compulsory in your school?

在你们学校里， 哪些课程是必修的？

navy blue 藏青色；深蓝色；海军蓝

【例句】

She was dressed in navy blue.

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