（雅思课外精读）为什么说重大比赛的胜利会影响民族团结

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*注：本文摘自6月20日《经济学人》

More than a game

不只是一场比赛

How winning big football matches promotes peace

赢得大型足球比赛促进和平

A study finds that when African national teams are victorious, ethnic tensions wane

一项研究发现，非洲球队一旦获胜，种族冲突就会缓和

1. DID A MISSED penalty kick help bring peace to Ivory Coast? In 2005 its national football team was on the brink of qualifying for the World Cup for the first time. Having won its finalqualifying match, it just needed Cameroon to lose or draw the match it was playing against Egypt. The awarding of a late penalty set the Cameroonians up for a win. But Pierre Wom hit the post. The ball flew wide. Ivory Coast was in.

点球失球为科特迪瓦带来了和平？2005年，科特迪瓦国家足球队第一次有机会参加世界杯。在赢得了最后一场预选赛之后，只要喀麦隆在与埃及的比赛中输球或者打平，科特迪瓦就能参加世界杯。最后的点球让喀麦隆有机会取胜。但是，皮埃尔沃梅却把球踢到了柱上去了，球飞得很远，科特迪瓦成功参加世界杯。

2. Listening on the radio, the Ivorian players erupted. Then they pleaded for peace in theirwar-torn country. We proved today that all Ivorians can coexist and play together, said Didier Drogba, the captain. The team knelt. We beg you on our knees...please lay down your weapons and hold elections, said Mr Drogba. The clip was played again and again on Ivorian television. In the months that followed the warring parties began talking and, eventually, agreed to a ceasefire. In 2007 they agreed to peace.

听到广播，科特迪瓦的球员们爆发出一阵欢呼，此后，他们呼吁自己饱受战争蹂躏的祖国能够实现和平。如今我们证明了所有科特迪瓦人都可以共存，可以一起踢球，队长德罗巴说。球员们都跪下了，他们呼吁我们跪下求你们了请放下武器，举行选举吧。。这段视频在科特迪瓦播了一遍又一遍。在接下来的几个月里，交战双方开始谈判，最终达成停火。2007年，他们达成和谈。

3. There were, of course, factors in play other than Ivory Coasts win, Mr Woms missed shot and Mr Drogbas impassioned plea. But, according to a new study, the outcomes of important football matches can have a dramatic effect on national unity and, thus, civil wars.

当然，除了科特迪瓦比赛的胜利、沃姆故意失手和德罗巴的真情呼吁之外，科特迪瓦实现和平还有其他因素。但是，根据一项新的研究，重大足球比赛的结果会对民族团结产生一些重要影响，进而影响内战的走向。

4. The studys authors, led by Emilio Depetris-Chauvin of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, looked at how Africans identified themselves and how much they said they trusted each other in the days after important national-team matches. They found that people surveyed after their national squad had won were 37% less likely to identify primarily with their ethnic group and 30% more likely to trust other ethnicities, than those interviewed just before. This is entirely driven by national-team victories, whereas defeats have no discernible impact on that self-identification, say the authors.

这项研究由智利天主教大学的Emilio Depetris-Chauvin领导，他们研究了非洲人在国家队重要比赛之后的自我认同以及他们对彼此的信任程度。研究发现，和比赛前相比这些接受调查的人在国家队获胜后，主要认同自己民族的人减少了37%，而信任其他民族的则增加了30%。 研究人员称，这完全是由国家队的胜利驱动的，而比赛失败对这种自我认同没有明显的影响。

5. The bigger the match, the bigger the boost to national solidarity and trust. This does not merely reflect a general post-victory euphoria, say the authors.Incumbent politicians and ruling parties got no bounce in approval from a win. Nor was there any impact on respondents optimism about the economy.

比赛越重大，对增进民族团结互信的影响就越大。研究人员称，这并不仅仅只是反映了一种普遍的胜后喜悦。现任政府和执政党的支持率也并没有因为比赛获胜而有所影响。受访者对经济的情绪也没有受到影响。

6. Victories also lead to less violence. The authors compared countries that narrowly qualified for the African Cup of Nations in recent years with those that narrowly missed out. The countries that squeaked in experienced almost 10% less conflict in the next six months than those that did not. The make-up of the squad probably matters, too. Mr Drogba noted that his team hailedfrom the north, south, centre and west of Ivory Coast. The effect of victories is stronger the more diverse the ethnic composition of the national team, say the authors.

胜利也会减少暴力。研究人员比较了近年来挤进非洲国家杯的国家和那些差一点儿就能入围的国家。在比赛之后的六个月里，那些入围的国家冲突比没有入围的国家减少近10%。球队球员的组成也很重要。德罗巴指出，他的球队来自科特迪瓦的北部、南部、中部和西部。研究人员称，国家队的种族组成越多样化，胜利的效果就越强。

7. So could more football reduce conflict in Africa? Perhaps, but the positive results only hold for high-stakes matches, not friendlies (matches unrelated to a competition). And thebonhomie can be fleeting. A second civil war broke out in Ivory Coast in 2010. Calm returned in 2011, after Mr Drogba and many others again appealed for peace.

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